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Kampuchea Chef The Purana's Account of King Bhavavarman in the Rig Veda Thursday, April 20, 2023
The Purana's Account of King Bhavavarman in the Rig Veda ;
we had seen, many aspects of Hindu pantheist materials were compiled in India. We know however that historical events taking place in those religious records were not all that Indian. Many were proved to be either of Middle Eastern or Southeast Asian origin. For instance, the Vishnu Purana includes an interesting account regarding the political establishment of king Bhavya (Bhava in Sanskrit) that scholars readily identified as no other than the Chenla King Bhavavarman.
« The king of the name Bhavya reorganized his country into three divisions with the name of Jalaga (India) , Kumara (Southeast Asia) and Sukamara (Malaysian archipelago) The Vishnu Purana also mentions the three ranges of mountains Udayagiri, Syama and Astagiri and names the rivers Nalini (Malini, Uttar Pradesh), Kumeri and Sukumari. (HCamb, P.43) »
Scholars found the account to be especially informative to shed light on king Bhavavarman's conquest westward. They agree that the geographical description in the account indicates the mainland of Southeast Asia as a whole and perhaps some part of India. The account divided the conquered territory into three parts. For easier identification, each part is provided with its own mountain range and river for reference. First, Jalaga is undoubtedly the corruption of the Sanskrit word "Jalasa" meaning water in a reference to the southern region of Nokor Phnom (Funan) that became known as the water Chenla (Chenla Turk) . Mahidhara that had been known to be under the Gupta and Jayavarman Kaundinya's control was actually the first to be conquered. Its mountain range Udayagiri and its river Nalini
appear to be the Uttar Pradesh and the Malini River of today
today. Due to its political connection with Nokor Phnom (Funan) , The Deccan might have been attacked by the Chenla . The conquest itself might not all of Bhavavarman's personal exploit, but was a joint campaign with the Bharasiva naga clans of India and Southeast Asia of Mahendra Bahubali . Some modern scholars believe that it was them, and not the Guptas, who fought against the Kushan and overthrew their power in India (AInd: The indigenous States in North India: Bharasivas: P. 128). The fact that they both derived from the Mauryans, we share the same believe that the Guptas did not fight off the Kushans. Furthermore, evidences show that the Guptas and the Kushans were politically close affiliated. At contrary, both were in the same target range of retaliation by the Bharasiva Naga clan. Through modern history, the Guptas were known to extend their control through peaceful alliance with the naga houses. Hard evidences also show that ruse and secret operation were also practiced. Samudragupta was known to exterminate nine Naga kings of the Padmavati consortium and that the Bharasiva Naga house was one of them. Perhaps through this maneuver that his son Chandragupta II became the ruler of Funan (The Indianization: The Rise of the Guptas: The Birth of the Gupta Empire). To appease the Vakataka court, he handed over his daughter Prabhavatigupta to Rudrasena II. More than a century later, another Kaundinya (Preah Taong) also received the hand of (NingNeak) the Nagi Princess Kolabrabhavati from the Kambunaga king. By then, the Guptas were politically and military already on the decline. The attack of the Chenla kings, as we had seen, were actually targeting both the Kamara court of Jayavarman Kaundinya and the Mahidhara court of his father-in-law. The next region Kamara of the Vishnu Purana's list is on the other hand the reference to the Kamara kingdom of the ancient Hiong-Wang country. (the ancient Varadhana situated in Myanmar today) . According to the Arab's account, the Kamara kings took refuge during their escape from the Hans to the city that we had identified as no other than the Khmer kingdom of Prey Nokor. Now becoming the seat of the Dey Chenla (Chenla land) court, it included a big part of the today's Lao country. Its mountain range Syama could be the reference of the Red-earth country that became since the identification of the modern Syam identity (Nokor Khmer): On the other hand, the river Kumari could then be identified as the Mekong River. Referred in Chinese source as the small Kun-Lun kingdom, the Kamara or Khmer Kingdom was a joint venture with the Dey Chenla (Land) clan and would be delegated later to Mahendravarman. After his death, his son Isanavarman which will mark a big print of him today governing the region of Isan and controlled both the northern Siam country and Prey-Nokor that were originally parts of the Khmer Empire. Last and not least, the Mon's tradition refers Sukamari (Sukamati in the Mon's tradition) as the new founded kingdoms of Irrawati basin (North of Myanmar) that was to become the seat of later Ramanadesa. The River Sukamari could then be the Irrawati River, the Astagiri in Chikmagalur Karnataka of today in India . We thus knew from the Purana that the exploit of king Bhavya in the Vishnu Purana is actually a correlation to the exploit of the Chenla king Bhavavarman and his descendants. To commemorate the new line of kings, he established a new era at 638 AD as the Chandra Sakaraja. In both Khmer and Burmese Mon Tradition, the Chandra Sakaraja was observed faithfully indicating the continuance of the same line of kings extending their control from Lavo to Pagan.
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